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2024 Cornell Real Estate Review
Baker Program in Real Estate (2024-07-26)
Volume 22 (2024) of the Cornell Real Estate Review
The Effect of Temperature and Corticosterone on Blowfly Presence and Development in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Nests
Brouillard, Gracey (2024-07-24)
Climate change threatens bird populations around the globe, influencing aspects of life history, survival, and parasite-host interactions. Breeding-season cold snaps factor into such changes, having become more variable, frequent, and intense (Shipley et al., 2020). In this study, we aimed to uncover how climate change may affect host-parasite interactions through examining the effects of cold snaps and elevated corticosterone on blowfly (genus Protocalliphora) presence and development in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests. We simulated cold snaps and non-invasively increased adult female corticosterone levels in two different experimental groups, and then measured the abundance and size of blowfly pupae in response to these treatments. We hypothesized that both temperature and adult hormonal profile influence the presence of blowfly pupae in Tree Swallow nests. We predicted that 1) cold-treated nests would be more likely to contain blowfly pupae and have pupae of smaller size than control nests, and 2) corticosterone-treated (cort-treated) nests would be more likely to contain blowflies and have pupae of larger size than control nests. Our results did not support the hypothesis that both temperature and corticosterone influence blowfly presence in Tree Swallow nests. Cold-treated nests were not more likely to contain more blowfly pupae, nor had pupae of smaller size than those in control nests, and cort-treated nests did not contain more blowfly pupae or pupae of larger size than those in control nests. This lack of effect of parental corticosterone or cold snaps on nest blowfly presence or size points to the need for future studies testing more direct pathways of this and similar systems. Much remains unknown about the impact of corticosterone and temperature on the presence and size of blowflies and other avian ectoparasite species that may be more affected by such variables. The mechanisms behind such interactions are likewise unknown, though this study indicates that the timing of cold snaps within host and parasite life cycles likely contributes to the severity of infestation. This and future research on the topic aim to understand how species interactions with resources and each other change within our rapidly changing environment.
Sustainability in Focus: 2022 and 2023 Cornell Sustainability Roundtables
Adalja, Aaron; Varney, Jeanne (2024-07-23)
The Center for Hospitality Research at The Cornell Peter and Stephanie Nolan School of Hotel Administration in the SC Johnson College of Business at Cornell University hosted annual Sustainability Roundtables in fall 2022 and 2023. In many ways, the two sessions were part of an essential conversation. For the 2022 roundtable, participants were back on campus and in person for the first time since 2019. With the most severe public health concerns of the Covid-19 pandemic in the rear view, participants were excited to return to Ithaca and embrace the core element of hospitality—gathering together. In contrast, the 2023 roundtable represented the other side of the communications coin—namely, to remove barriers to give people voice through virtual participation.